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Reprodukce a management chovu vybraných plemen masného skotu
NÁVAROVÁ, Eliška
The literature review presented in the bachelor thesis focuses on the ma-nagement and characterization of cattle breeding, specifically the Aberdeen Angus, Limousin, and Charolais breeds. The following chapter describes ecological ag-riculture, as the thesis includes companies that breed cattle in organic farming. The upcoming chapter of the thesis centers on the reproduction of beef cattle breeds. The aim of this thesis was to conduct a comprehensive and continuous analysis throughout the year by which to evaluate the level of reproduction and ma-nagement. The practical part focuses on evaluation the course of delivery, pregnancy diagnosis results, weight of calves at birth and weaning, and the results from semen examination. The data for this thesis were collected from six companies using ac-companying lists of cattle, animal husbandry records, and bull spermograms. In the conclusion of the thesis, the results are summarized and evaluated. Companies specializing in Limousin and Charolais breeding include their bulls in herd for approximately two months. The company that focuses on breeding Aberdeen Angus has its bulls in herd for most of the year. More frequent occurrence of difficult births was recorded for the Limousin breed at the Rolnická Skalná company, and their number significantly exceeded the average incidence of complicated births for this breed. A higher incidence of di-fficult births was also analyzed for the Charolais breed at the SPO-ZEM Nový Kos-tel company. The number of difficult births recorded at the company specializing in breeding Aberdeen Angus slightly exceeded the breed's average. The highest success rate of pregnancy was found in the companies SPO-ZEM Nový Kostel, Farmy Třebeň, and Anonymu. The Naturland company achieved unsatisfactory levels of pregnancy rates. Companies breeding Limousin achieved lower birth weights, nonetheless the values were satisfactory. Weaning weights of calves in these companies were suita-ble. Companies focused on breeding Charolais achieved unsatisfactory average birth weight values but excellent weaning weight values. For the Aberdeen Angus breed, satisfactory average weaning weight was achieved for heifers, while the weight of bulls was lower than usual for the breed. From the total of 12 monitored bulls, all were fertile at the beginning of the breeding season, infertility was diagnosed in three bulls, and one bull had a high number of immobile spermatozoa. In these bulls, a treatment was applied, which was found to be effective only in two breeding males after the third collection. Bulls for which the treatment was ineffective were removed from the breeding pro-gram.
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Vliv délky ekvilibrace na motilitu spermií býků po rozmrazení
KRÁTILOVÁ, Karolína
The aim of the study was to monitor the change in motility of bull sperm post-thawing depending on the time of equilibration before freezing of insemination doses. The percentage of progressive sperm activity post-thawing was determined from the average progressive sperm activity after collection. The evaluation was performed on 6 bulls, approximately the same age, reared under the same conditions at the insemination station. 15 ejaculates were taken from each bull and subsequently processed into insemination doses, which were divided into four groups according to the length of equilibration: 1, 3, 8 and 24 hours. Equilibration was performed in a refrigerator at 5 ° C. The doses were then frozen and evaluated after one week of storage in liquid nitrogen. The mean values of the input parameters were: progressive motility at sampling was 74.63 ? 9.07, the amount of ejaculate 10.08 g and the density 0.91x 106 ml-1 sperm. The results document higher progressive sperm motility with longer equilibration times (8 and 24 hours) as opposed to shorter times (1 and 3 hours) (p <0.01). The best procentual progressive motility was recorded at the equilibration time of 8 hours, when it was 58.74 ? 13.92 % of the initial value (43,84 % of real progresive aktivity). When evaluating the progressive motility of bull sperm after thawing, statistical differences were observed between bulls (p <0.05). Determination of the progressive motility of bull sperm is important in terms of assessing bull fertility. The equilibration time is only one of many factors influencing the quality of the produced insemination doses.
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Vliv aditivních látek na funkční vlastnosti kančích spermií
Lipenský, Jan
The aim of this study was to evaluate the preservation ability of five commercial boar semen extenders and compare CASA (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis) method and classic subjective method of the sperm motility evaluation. The second objective of this study was to examine the boar seminal plasma selenium and zinc concentration and their relation to semen quality and quantity. The third objective of this study was to analyse the effect of twelve natural substances characterized by antibacterial activity on boar semen. Furthermore, the last objective of this study was to assess the effect of herbal extract supplement prepared from Eurycoma longifolia, Tribulus terrestris and Leuzea carthamoides on libido, semen quality and quantity in boars. The sperm progressive motility decreased among all tested extenders, depending on the storage time and increasing dilution ratio. The highest sperm progressive motility was achieved in Androhep Plus extender, followed by extenders VIP 5 and VIP 3. The lowest progressive sperm motility was typical for both BTS type extenders. The sperm progressive motility was influenced by the method and by the method and interactions with a variety of other factors including dilution ratio, sample storage time and sperm movement quality. There was no significant relation between the boar seminal plasma zinc concentration and sperm quality or quantity parameters. The boar seminal plasma selenium concentration positively correlated with sperm progressive motility, sperm concentration, total number of spermatozoa per ejaculate and negatively with distal protoplasmic droplet occurrence. Natural substances characterized by antibacterial activity had a significant negative effect on the sperm progressive motility. The positive effect of the herbal extract supplement containing natural stimulants on the libido of boars has been demonstrated in this study. The quality or quantity of boar sperm was not highly affected by this herbal extract supplement.
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Úloha některých proteinů při zmrazování spermatu ryb
XIN, MiaoMiao
Sperm damage during cryopreservation is considered a major obstacle to the expansion of sperm storage technology in fish. In-depth knowledge of cryoinjury and cryoprotectants with respect to the quality of fish sperm can enhance future use of cryopreservation. We used antifreeze proteins as cryoprotective agents to improve the quality of frozen/thawed spermatozoa, along with optimization of cryopreservation protocols. Reviews vitrification, a promising cryopreservation technique for fish sperm storage. Vitrification requires rapid cooling/warming, small volume containers, and use of permeable cryoprotectants at high concentrations to solidify both intra- and extra-cellular materials. While high concentration of cryoprotectant show toxicity to cells. The quantity of permeable cryoprotectant can be reduced or eliminated by use of apparatus or techniques that dramatically increase freezing and warming rates by treating a much smaller quantity of sperm. Thus, vitrification may be more suitable for fish producing small quantities of highly concentrated sperm, but not sturgeon producing high quantities of sperm with low concentration. As second aim of the present study, proteomic methods were applied to characterize the protein profiles of sterlet spermatozoa and seminal plasma and assess their effect on spermatozoa function in conventional cryopreservation. The motility variables of cryopreserved sterlet sperm were also investigated. The motility rate of sterlet sperm significantly decreased after cryopreservation, while no difference in mean curvilinear velocity of fresh and cryopreserved sperm was detected. Six proteins were altered in seminal plasma and thirteen in spermatozoa following cryopreservation. Among them, eight proteins were positively identified: a) two (mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit alpha and heat shock protein 70) were from seminal plasma, associated with metabolism and response to stress; b) four (triosephosphate isomerase, mitochondrial ATP synthase subunit ?, glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase [NAD(+)], enolase B) in spermatozoa are involved in metabolic pathways such as gluconeogenesis and glycolysis to provide efficient energy for spermatozoon movement; c) the other two (tubulin ? chain and tubulin ? chain, testis-specific) in spermatozoa are major constituents of sperm microtubules, playing important roles in the organization of the microtubule cytoskeleton. These results broaden the understanding of protein-related cryoinjury in sperm, which may help to determine the function of altered proteins and provide new insights into improving sperm cryopreservation. Since cryopreservation is known to cause lethal and sublethal damage to sperm, different concentrations of antifreeze proteins (AFPI or AFPIII) were employed as cryoprotectants. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that supplementation with antifreeze proteins was associated with significantly higher membrane integrity in cryopreserved sterlet sperm, except with the use of 0.1 ?g/ml of AFPI. However, motility rate, curvilinear velocity, straight-line velocity, and fertilization rate of frozen-thawed sperm did not differ from that without addition of antifreeze proteins. It was concluded that addition of antifreeze proteins to cryopreservation medium was the source of the protective effects on sperm plasma membrane integrity.
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Teplotní závislost motility spermatu u různých druhů ryb
DADRAS ASYABAR, Hadiseh
The reproduction of fish either in nature or controlled condition in aquaculture is a biological event that can be strongly related to the reproductive success. In addition, study of sperm physiology and control of sperm quality can be taken into account as an issue to obtain successful production in aquaculture systems. It is often admitted that sperm quality as one of the limiting factors of the fertilization success is affected by different factors, so some researches have paid attention to sperm quality. Motility is regarded as one of the most reliable parameters for predicting sperm quality, and to evaluate the sperm fertilizing potential, observation of decrease in sperm motility performance under in vivo or in vitro circumstances has been commonly used. These studies were conducted based on the hypothesis that aims to assess sperm motility characteristics and some physiological changes of spermatozoa (such as antioxidant enzymes activity and lipid composition) in out range of spawning temperature of each species. The investigation of the fish spermatozoa motility function and enzymatic response in relation to different in vitro temperatures was carried out using activation of spermatozoa from taxonomically distant fish species (common carp, rainbow trout and sterlet) at 4, 14, and 24° C. Special attention was taken to the sperm motility parameters (motility rate, duration and velocity), activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) content as marker of lipid peroxidation. As results of this study, duration of motility in three aforementioned species were shown to be longest at 4° C compared to 14 and 24° C. In rainbow trout and carp, velocity was significantly increased at 14 °C after 10 and 30 s of spermatozoa activation respectively. While, at 60 s post-activation, the velocity of spermatozoa in sterlet was highest at 24° C. Activity of CAT was in the highest level at 4° C in rainbow trout and sterlet, while no difference was observed in carp spermatozoa. As second aim of the present study, lipid composition was analyzed in motile or immotile carp spermatozoa at different in vitro temperatures (4, 14 and 24° C). The lower proportions of some fatty acids, 18:3 (n-3) and 22:6 (n-3) in motile spermatozoa were detected at 24° C. With respect to importance of phospholipids as source of energy in fish spermatozoa movement, the total phospholipid content was lesser in motile than in immotile spermatozoa at 24° C. At 24° C also, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylserine proportions were lesser in motile than immotile spermatozoa. On the basis of these data, lipid composition of carp motile spermatozoa is affected by temperature, with decrease in proportion of some lipid compositions at higher temperature, elevation of sperm curvilinear velocity and decreased duration of the period over which motility is sustained. The third study was designed to investigate role of different factors that might control the activation of spermatozoa motility, using physiological functions of osmolality, calcium (Ca2+) ion and particularly temperature in burbot. Spermatozoa motility was tested at temperatures of 4 and 30° C in following media: seminal fluid (SF), isotonic media (plus Ca2+ and without it) and hypotonic media (plus Ca2+ and without it). With regard to activation of burbot spermatozoa motility in seminal fluid at high temperature (30° C), it seems that no risk of semen handling will occur during hatchery routine practice. The results suggest that initiation of spermatozoa motility in burbot is mediated by the simultaneous involvement of Ca2+ and temperature. Thus, it might be concluded that burbot spermatozoa is more sensitive to high temperature for initiation of motility relative to other freshwater fish species.
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Inovativní metody v chovu a reprodukci candáta obecného (Sander lucioperca)
BLECHA, Miroslav
The whole Ph.D. thesis includes in total 10 chapters on 146 pages. Chapter 2 9 are specific parts of thesis where following scientific and practical aspects of pikeperch reproduction biology and aquaculture are described. Quality and quantity of pikeperch spermatozoa after varying cold water treatments are presented in the chapter 2 and can help to optimize broodstock management of males with the aim to obtain high quality spermatozoa during a seasonal and an out of season spawning as well. Benefits of hormone treatment of both sexes in semi-artificial reproduction in pikeperch are described in the chapter 3 where the importance of hormonal treatment of both sexes in tank spawning is evaluated for effective production pikeperch larvae. The use of an alcalase treatment for the elimination of pikeperch egg stickiness is being shown in the chapter 4 of this thesis. Post-ovulatory oocyte ageing and its effect on eggs viability rates and occurrence of larval malformations and ploidy anomalies are listed in chapter 5. These results describe the effects of the egg over ripening fertilization process in pikeperch. The first report of heat shock triploidisation in pikeperch is described in chapter 6 with production of 100% pikeperch triploid population. The effect of water surface treatment on survival, swim bladder inflation and growth of larvae is given in the chapter 7 with the aim to optimize the intensive culture of pikeperch larvae. Last two chapters (8 and 9) are describing the adaptation of intensively cultured juveniles to pond culture and the adaptation of pond-cultured juveniles to RAS as a new and effective methods for ongrowing production of pikeperch. In total, four published scientific papers, one handbook, one accepted scientific paper for publication, and two prepared scientific manuscripts are included and discussed in this Ph.D. thesis.
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Infertility and assisted reproduction in the Czech Republic
Dolejšová, Lucie ; Slaboch, Martin (advisor) ; Bredárová, Kristina (referee)
The bachelor thesis is focused on infertility and artificial insemination in the Czech Republic. The theoretical part contains infertility, its causes, genital organs and examinations for infertility. Another part is devoted mainly to methods of assisted reproduction, specifically the description of each method and procedure of artificial insemination. The final part describes egg donation, sperm and embryos, and also the financial aspect of the entire process. In the practical part questionnaires were filled in by the general public, which focused on the issue of infertility and donations. In another part were made interviews with women who have experiences at least one of the methods of artificial insemination. The replies were collected and analyzed in the chapter of the practices.
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Factors influencing the bull sperm freezability
Dvorská, Tereza ; Rajmon, Radko (advisor) ; Marie, Marie (referee)
An egg yolk is a common component of diluents used as protectants of sperm cells during the process of cryopreservation. Its substitution by low density lipoproteins (LDL) has shown that it is the LDL that provides the egg yolk with its cryoprotective characteristics: it protects sperms against cold shock and other changes, thus helping to preserve their fertilization ability even after the freezing-thawing process. However, the sperm quality is affected by many other internal and external factors. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate if the effect of the addition of LDL to the diluent of the ejaculate is significantly influenced by the following selected factors - the type of used diluent, the bull´s breed and its individuality and the date of the sampling.
Experimental insemination doses were repetitively (four times) obtained from a group of six bulls (three Holstein bulls and three Czech Fleckvieh bulls) at the Natural Hradišťko insemination service s.r.o. The samples of semen were diluted with two types of non-egg diluents containing soybean lecithin extracts (AndoMed and BioXCell). To each of these diluents, LDL at 4, 6, and 8% concentration was added; a non-LDL diluent served as a check. All the insemination doses were frozen by a standard procedure and then stored in liquid nitrogen. The CASA system (Computer Assisted Sperm Analysis) was selected for the evaluation of the sperm motility. Immediately after thawing and then after two hours of incubation in water bath (37 °C), the values of kinematic parameters were obtained from the samples - the total percentage of motile sperm and the percentage of progressively motile sperm. These data were then statistically processed; based on the outputs, VAP, VCL, ALH and the percentage of progressively motile sperm (PMOT) were chosen as representative kinematic parameters.
The values of the parameters were higher in almost all evaluated samples diluted with BioXCell, compared to those diluted with AndroMed. Even though we demonstrated the existence of a high variability of results depending on the time of incubation, bull breed, the individuality of the bull and the date of the sampling, it could be said that the best concentration of added LDL is 6 % for BioXCell and 8 % for AndroMed.
It would be useful to perform more experiments evaluating the effect of adding LDL to non-egg diluents on the quality of the thawed sperm. In these experiments, more sperm quality parameters should be examined and factors influencing the variability of results demonstrated in this work should be taken into consideration.
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Uplatnění inseminace v chovu koní v České republice
BARTOŇOVÁ, Bohdana
Aplication of modern biotechnology method, artificial insemination is very important for genetics control in horses. Only with application of insemination it is possible to ensure sufficient number of offspring of one stallion for objective evaluation of inheritance of particular genes. This thesis aims to collect information about current situation and results in horse breeding in the Czech republic. Reproduction indicatiors were evaluated within the Czech Warmblood breed in 2010 2015. The data was obtained from Czech warmblood breeders association yearbooks, analysed and compared to results of reproduction in selected species of farm animals (cattle, sheeps), obtained from corresponding yearbooks, registred by Bohemian-Moravian breeders association. In years of 2010-2015, 4320 artificial inseminations were recorded in Czech warmblood breeding. The number of foals born after artificial insemination was 1745, after natural breeding it was 1359. Average fertility in artificial insemination was 56,10 %, in natural breeding 49,34 %. In comparison of reproduction indicators with selected species of farm animals it was found out, that in horse breeding, evaluation of fertility of is considerably simpler than in other farm animals, since there are less indicatiors for evaluation. Different reproduction indicatiors are evaluated in cattle and sheep breeding.The reason might be in more focus on sport preformance in horses, than to reproduction indicators, that are not openly available.
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